Gems from the Ivory Tower

The exams are marked, the grades submitted. Now I can focus on preparing for my research in Europe, since this Reluctant Scholar received a rather more generous travel grant than expected, and is feeling a little ashamed of her reluctance now. There is much to do in the next week and a half. Becoming fluent in spoken French is up there, so bring on the French films and podcasts! I am excited. I like having a mission.

Anyway, I gathered a few gems from my marking. Some of them made me laugh out loud. Some of them even come from decent essays, but their phrasing was quirky enough to amuse me.

• Pope Paul II, aka the King of Bling…

• Guidobaldo II and his protruding codpiece…

• As Petrarch was kicking off the Renaissance…

• In the Renaissance, people started to learn Greek and Latin…

• Artists competed for the most masterful masterpiece.

• As 1494 [lazily?] rolled around, Charles invaded Italy.

• The Church no longer had the last say on every aspect of life.

• Education became well-rounded.

• At a time of change, nobody wanted to be a barbarian because they were seen negatively and brutish.

• Cosimo [d. 1464] commissioned da Vinci [b. 1452] to paint the Sistine Chapel ceiling [da Vinci, the 12-yr-old wunderkind! to give no credit to Michelangelo’s work in 1508-12]

• Medieval proportional disasters adorned churches…

• The Renaissance remains a relevant part of history.

A Medieval Proportional Disaster

What I find so bizarre about Renaissance Studies is that a lot of the historians and students are guilty to varying extents of perceiving the Middle Ages as a period of ecclesiastical tyranny in which the Classics were unheard of or at least substantially modified. While there is a grain of truth in the latter (though many medievals loved Classical literature), the former is so far from the truth it’s quite laughable. The Church had not grown substantially in power until about the Renaissance, and there had been a good deal of diversity within the one Church. Scholasticism, though it sadly declined, was in its hay day a brilliant tool for stimulating thought, based heavily on Classical principles.

Perspective, people, perspective. If I could recommend two books to Renaissance historians to give them some insight into the intelligence of the Middle Ages, they would probably be Marie-Dominique Chenu’s Nature, Man and Society in the Twelfth Century, and Benson and Constable’s (eds) Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth Century. Goodness, I wonder which century I specialize in….

Marking

I am currently marking exams. A little more than half-way through now. I think I should be done within another 5 hours or so. I have to speed through quite quickly because they are due tomorrow (to my surprise! there seems to have been some miscommunication between the professor and myself). As I scan through the essays, I have developed a little marking schema:

A grade: • signs of intelligence! • nuanced argument • right on topic • skillful structure

B grade: • meh • solid evidence, simple argument • mostly on topic • good structure

C grade: • drivel • some evidence, no argument (or poor) • strays from topic • little structure

D grade: • sorry, did you actually take this class? • no evidence, no argument • topic? what topic? • no structure

F grade: • didn’t write anything

There’s a bit of room for movement within those categories (it is a mobile society), and of course there is assumed a gradation of adherence to truth: poorer papers rework and exhaust a thesis opinion. Opinion is great, but it does not a substantial essay make. I have to be somewhat lenient on this since Renaissance history appears to be full of opinionated misconceptions of the Middle Ages.

Also, I realize my initial reactions to the paper (as revealed in the first bullet points) are very harsh. Forgive me: I am a cranky grader. I understand it’s very hard to write a good essay in an exam (I remember doing rather worse on my first history exam than on the papers). Yet I consider myself by and large an indulgent grader. Do not fear for my poor little students; I am quite fond of them and only wish I could teach them how to write well.

So that’s the excitement of my life right now. (Or is it? Maybe I have even more exciting things I’m keeping secret! Ha!)

ABD: Evolution from PhD student to PhD candidate

Huzzah! I passed my major field exam! Aka “comps” in other departments. I am now considered a doctoral candidate, having accomplished All But Dissertation.

The exam was far too much fun. My field of interest (medieval liturgical commentaries) is perhaps one of the least sexy areas in the world of Medieval Studies, and unless you hang out with a select group of people, liturgy itself is at best unknown and at worst thought boring. Thus, having the rapt attention of four professors for two hours while I talked about my academic passion was unprecedentedly thrilling.

As one of my good friends predicted, I think it’s my passion and enthusiasm that got me through. It certainly wasn’t my articulateness, as I jumped from one tangent to another and left thought dangling in the air uncompleted as I went onto a related thought. Wild gesticulations there were plenty of, and I’m glad it wasn’t video recorded so I will never have to face my flailing. I look forward to age, experience, and maturity bringing me a bit more gravity and certainly a greater clarity and order to my thoughts.

Medieval liturgy is such a vast field, though! It can be approached from innumerable angles, and I am trying to take scholarship on the commentaries on a new direction (which isn’t saying much, seeing as there are about 1.5 scholars who have specialized in medieval liturgical commentaries since the beginning of the twentieth century). I must grapple with questions of medieval worldview, Scriptural knowledge and education, legal studies, dialectic, the progression of schools from monastic/courtly/cathedral institutions to independent masters to universities, the tension between secular and sacred powers and the development of the articulation of their various duties, the relationship between clergy and laity, participation of the laity in liturgy (perhaps traces in vernacular literature, in pious female literature, in sermons directed to laity), Mass, Divine Office, vestments, liturgical time, the influence of Plato and Aristotle, the Church Fathers……… essentially, I feel, I must know the entire Middle Ages inside and out: intellectually, culturally, ecclesiastically, politically, artistically, etc. I think I’ve hit a jackpot of an area of specialization.

Enough gushing. I must try to assemble a review of what we covered in the exam (seeing as my advisors had some good leads to recommend) and list what sorts of steps of action I must take next. And I think I may need to grab a bite to eat. And I can’t forget the 39 Renaissance History exams I have waiting eagerly for me to mark them….

 

Butterflies

As I walked to the bus this morning, I noticed that the butterflies are out today in great numbers! Splendid monarchs and delicate little white ones. I do not know what has been drawing my attention to the traces of nature in the city of late, but I have been greatly cheered by the sight of butterflies and of squirrels chasing each other across patches of grass, and especially by the chirping of birds both morning and evening. These are little touches that make life so beautiful, almost without our even noticing them. It was strange to pause and consider a world without life teeming everywhere. Even the daffodils are trumpeting the glory of the day from neighbours’ front lawns when I go out now. The delight of spring never grows old.

To my great surprise, there are no butterflies in my stomach as I face my exam in two days’ time! I have never been so good at managing my stress levels. It’s almost eery. There is, I find, no room for anxiety, however. There is too much beauty around me, lifting my gaze from my little worries.

Even the material I am reading seems to point me in the direction of recognizing the beauty of being alive. I confess I haven’t had to look very hard for that direction, since the medievals seem to have a worldview permeated with the perception of beauty and truth. For them, simply the colour white can be a reminder of some sort of joy beyond human comprehension. Everything has meaning; everything has direction. I wonder if the world today has quite had enough of its existential and nihilistic outlook. When I read the medievals, I taste a freedom that contemporary society seems to have forgotten. I’m not sighing over the “good old days,” for I can’t deny there were things wrong with medieval society as well, but I do think we could learn a thing or two from them about fostering a positive and truly humanist philosophy.

~~~

My attention has recently been brought to Stella Marr’s blog. Earlier I had been looking for universal reasons to support my gut feeling that Ontario’s legal revisions regarding prostitution is a very bad move for Canadian citizens. Stella Marr (whose beautiful name reminds me of the Latin stella maris, meaning “star of the sea,” a title given by the medievals to their Queen, the Virgin Mary) is able to give the most acerbic reasons against legally enabling prostitution, for she escaped from the world ten years ago. A beautiful and educated woman, she has made it her mission to speak out against this horrifying abuse of humanity and sexuality. When you read her story, any traces of sympathy the rhetoric of Terri-Jean Bedford & Co. might have evoked are instantly shattered. Their attempts to put a fair face on the world of prostitution is, as we all suspected, an elaborate deception: it’s bad and it’s ugly. I am deeply saddened by Ontario’s decision to turn a blind eye and a deaf ear upon the cries of the weak, the vulnerable, and the inevitably exploited.

Yet there is hope. Stella’s story shows that evil does not conquer and that humanity is capable of good. What it also points out is that we must fight for the good. We must fight for truth. As it has been said before, All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing.

Quentin

My sister recently sent me a postcard from Cambridge, featuring an illustration of Milton by the delightful Quentin Blake. I have discovered that it is a small part of a large mural painted at Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, apparently “Cambridge’s answer to the Bayeux Tapestry.”

In this BBC video, the artist himself gives a tour of the panorama. Quite charming, really.

I think “Quentin” is one of those names that should experience a renaissance in the world. It is unusual but at the same time respectable.

… It’s a challenging day for concentration on my studies…

 

For the love of humanity

Yesterday, I walked into a discussion in which a couple of my feminist-inclined friends were talking about things men do that make them angry. They asked me what men do that make me angry. It seemed to me an odd question. I couldn’t think of anything that men, to the exclusion of women, do that makes me angry. I think I would be just as startled if someone asked me what Jews or Blacks do to make me angry. More to the point, when I think of men as a group distinct from women, many positive thoughts crowd my mind. I find I really love men. My view and experience are decidedly positive.

After laughing at the idea of me getting angry, my friends continued to consider things drivers do to make them angry. Still I found myself in an awkward position, unable to engage fully in the conversation. Sure, I become irritated, but that is a much weaker reaction than anger and does not express itself in anything more than a brief spell of griping—no yelling, no flipping people off. Am I such a pacifist? How is it that I find myself relatively free of anger, when it is commonplace among human beings? Am I too bland and boring to take a stance? I’m afraid I can’t take that latter question to heart: I figure the moment I start worrying about whether or not I am interesting is the moment I become dull, and that the interest a person brings to the world is the amount of interest that person finds in the world. Who are the most interesting people in the world, the most fun to be around? The ones who delight in the world, who help others see the good and the excitement of being alive! Would anyone argue with me?

Admittedly, I’m not an irate person. Of all my vices, anger is not typically one of them. I do occasionally become incensed, but against what I perceive to be a grave injustice.

The problem is, I just love humanity too much, and I am aware of it.

No truly, I think we all love humanity this much, but perhaps we are not all so aware of it. What if all the people that made us angry were no longer on the earth? Would we be happy? Remove men—is that a better world? Even, dare I say, remove all the people that offend us—is that a better world? Perhaps some people would answer these questions with “yes,” and in which case I think they are operating more on the level of responding to a deep hurt in their hearts rather on the level of reason and love.

I have been hurt by people before. Sometimes the hurt has been deep enough that it has taken me years to let go and fully forgive to the point of loving them again with my whole (and more mature) heart. I would never in sincerity extend my feelings of anger towards a whole group my transgressors belong to, though. And why? Two reasons, I think:

First, we are all human beings. We have all hurt others. We have all let our own brokenness break another. I learned this first with my siblings, and I learned with them how important it is to forgive and to love anew for there to be happiness and peace. The infliction of hurt does not belong to any one group: it belongs commonly to every single human being. Therefore, it does not make sense to make a scapegoat of anyone except on the basis of being human—and if we rage against humanity, then we hate ourselves. I can think of no better way to live in hell than that.

Secondly, I recognize that the person who has hurt me the most is myself. If I am to live with myself, I must be compassionate towards myself. Otherwise, yes: life is hell.

So if we are all united in a common humanity, and if we do not wish to live in our own hell but have compassion on ourselves and find forgiveness for our own failings, we must extend this compassion and understanding to others. Why have I acted the way I have? Out of reaction according to my past, out of ignorance, out of weakness. Others, too, have pasts and ignorance and weaknesses. Are they not deserving of as much compassion? This is why it is my habit to try to think up excuses for others hurting me. By which I mean to say that I try to think of reasons they might be acting as they are, not so as to excuse their behaviour, but so that I might be compassionate. As my mother loves to quote the variously attributed phrase, “There, but for the grace of God, go I.”

The only answer for avoiding hell is love. This is a lesson my family taught me. Human beings are happy when there is peace and when there is love. This is practically cliché for a reason. Hell-avoiding love cannot be of the naïve, self-indulgent variety that is popularly paraded about today in which we seek first the satisfaction of our own desires, in which we say we love but our love stops where it becomes difficult and we have to face hurts and forgive. We must face the ugliness in the world, in others, and in ourselves. And then, starting with the conviction that to make heaven rather than hell on earth, we must forgive ourselves and others and the world.

Why be angry? Anger that is a reaction to personal injury at best harms the person fostering it, and at worst tries to harm many others as well.

But love, and be happy! Hell is a choice. So is heaven.

The World is a Wonderful Place

Apart from a kind bus driver who did not mind at all that I couldn’t find my wallet as I was travelling back to the grocery store to look for a library book I’d left in a shopping basket, I’ve found a number of marvellous things about the world on the news tonight (I could also say a thing or two about twelfth-century Paris after this afternoon’s labours).

Let’s start with the heart-warming stories of unexpected human success:

A nine-yr-old boy’s cardboard creation leads to fame and fortune. My favourite part of the video is when he explains that his security system works by entering the numbers of his special “fun pass” into the calculator and then pressing the “check mark” button. Ah, Caine, what joys await you when you discover the concept of square roots!

A 30-yr-old man is reunited with his mother after he stepped onto the wrong train at age 5 and found himself alone in Calcutta. Of all cities to find oneself alone and helpless in as a child, Calcutta would probably rank at the bottom.

The fascinating:

Ibogaine, a hallucinogen, can help crack addicts get off their addictions, but it is dangerous.

French schooling has changed A LOT since the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

The interesting-inasmuch-as-I-like-to-keep-a-finger-on-the-pulse-of-free-speech-issues-in-Canada:

A Canadian university stands up for free speech.

The sort of news that provokes snarky comments from me:

Brangelina are engaged to be married. The most anticlimactic celebrity marriage of the century?

A four-yr-old joins Mensa. You poor, poor child. Calcutta might be preferable to this.

Scavenger Hunt

Today I went on a scavenger hunt! My scavenger hunts are of a peculiar variety. I look for clues in footnotes and endnotes and bibliographies.

I happened to be reading Honorius Augustodunensis today (yes, he basically is supercalifragilisticexpialidotious), and I noticed that his comment on the origins of the tonsure was exactly the same as I had been reading in Lombard with my Latin students in the fall. Honorius died c. 1100, and Lombard c. 1160, so I knew who was borrowing from whom. My edition of Honorius, however, did not lead me to his sources. So I had to travel back to the future and see whom Lombard used. To condense a couple of hours’ work into a short sentence, I found myself swinging to Gratian to Ivo of Chartres to Hugh of St Victor to Isidore of Seville to Gregory the Great. Ah, Pope Gregory. I should have known all sources lead to Rome. It is remarkable to me what long road this information travelled, and seemingly without losing much in the game of Telephone.

So that was fun. Part of my aim was to discover just how little regard the medievals had for classification by genre. Consulting canon law, liturgical treatises, theological treatises, and sermons, I got the sense that all knowledge was united in their minds. Division is for babies.

In other news, I discovered this fabulous line by a Trappist monk of the twentieth century, Thomas Merton, and have added it to my florilegia:

“The beginning of love is the will to let those we love be perfectly themselves, the resolution not to twist them to fit our own image. If in loving them we do not love what they are, but only their potential likeness to ourselves, then we do not love them: we only love the reflection of ourselves we find in them”

Swingin’

After spending most of the day reading about the history of sacramentaries, ordinales, and pontificals, I finally got out to swing dancing, which was rockin’ awesome. The band that played was Sly Blue, and thanks to their music, plus the fact I’d had a steady diet of sugar all day (what with pie for breakfast and chocolate for dinner), I was cutting a rug. There was no shortage of partners and no lack of enthusiasm — the sort of night that always brings to mind that fabulous line from P&P, “Catherine and Lydia had been fortunate enough to be never without partners, which was all that they had yet learnt to care for at a ball.”

Bedtime hasn’t felt this well-deserved in a long time.

May I present Sly Blue: